چند روز پیش توی کانال تلگرامم یه ویدئو به اشتراک گذاشتم(https://t.me/iamhabenula/265) که راجع به شبکههای اجتماعی غیرمتمرکز بود. اگر هنوز ندیدین، ابتدا یه نگاه بهش بندازین بعد این مطلب رو بخونین. لینک آپاراتش هم اینه:
https://www.aparat.com/v/2KgSq
شبکه اجتماعی متمرکز چیه؟
تا الان توی هر شبکهی اجتماعی که عضو بودید متمرکز بوده. فیسبوک، توییتر، اینستاگرام. به این معنی که این شرکت ها یک سرور واحد دارن و تمام اطلاعات اونجا جمع میشه.
سرور اینستا میشه instagram.com
سرور توییتر میشه twitter.com
یادمون باشه که صاحبان این شرکتها روی دادههای ما کنترل کامل دارن. قبلا گفتیم که چرا باید گوگلزدایی کرد و از سرویس هایی که شرکتهای گوگل، فیسبوک، توییتر و اینستاگرام میدن نباید استفاده کرد:
https://fediverse.blog/~/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF/%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C-%DA%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D9%84-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%87
بذارید با مثال توضیح بدیم:
تصور کنین دوست من اشکان، میخواد یه اکانت با نام کاربری ashkant1990 توی اینستاگرام بسازه. اگر کسی قبلا این اکانت رو نگرفته باشه آدرس اکانت اشکان میشه:
Instagram.com/ashkant1990
یا با همین نام توی توییتر ثبتنام میکنه:
Twitter.com/ashkant1990
اگر کسی ازش بپرسه اکانتت توی اینستاگرام و توییتر چیه خیلی راحت جواب میده ashkant1990
اپلیکیشن شبکه های اجتماعی متمرکز چه جوری دانلود میشه؟
خیلی راحت میرین توی گوگل پلی و اپ استور، کلمه instagram یا twitter رو سرچ میزنین، نسخه رسمی برنامه رو می بینین و دانلود میکنین.... ولی توی شبکه اجتماعی غیرمتمرکز قضیه این قدر راحت نیست...
شبکه اجتماعی غیر متمرکز چیه؟
من کاربر جیمیل هستم و اشکان از یاهو استفاده میکنه. اما ما هنوز میتونیم به همدیگه ایمیل بزنیم. از جیمیل به یاهو. به عبارتی نیاز نیست هر دو کاربر جیمیل باشیم تا بتونیم با هم در ارتباط باشیم.
دلیلش هم اینه که سرورهای ایمیل به یک زبان صحبت می کنند: همهشون از یک پروتکل استاندارد برای برقراری ارتباط استفاده می کنند.
توی شبکه اجتماعی غیرمتمرکز اطلاعات یک جا جمع نمیشه. چون این شبکه ها کاملا آزاد هستند، هر کس توی دنیا میتونه سرور خودش رو داشته باشه. به بیان دیگر به جای اینکه فقط یک سرور وجود داشته باشه میتونه هزاران سرور وجود داشته باشه و در نهایت این سرورها با زبون خودشون با همدیگه در ارتباط باشن.
نکته مهم ماجرا اینه که هیچ شرکت خاصی مالک هیچ یک از اطلاعات ما نیست.
بذارید با مثال توضیح بدم:
من میام سرور شخصی خودم رو به نام habenula.com راه میندازم.
روی سرورم، شبکه اجتماعی غیرمتمرکز ماستودون رو نصب میکنم و از این به بعد کاربرا میتونن با مراجعه به وبسایت من اکانت بسازن.
اشکان، دوست من میاد توی سایت habenula.com و یه اکانت با نام کاربری ashkan میسازه.
اینجا آدرس اکانتش میشه :
@ashkan@habenula.com (http://@ashkan@habenula.com
ممکنه یه نفر دیگه اون سر دنیا بره توی سرور abcxyz.com و باز اسم خودش رو بذاره ashkan
پس آدرس اکانتش میشه :
@ashkan@abcxyz.com (http://@ashkan@abcxyz.com
الان دو فرد متفاوت داریم که اسم هر دو ashkan هست و روی سرورهای جداگانه ثبت نام کردند. هر دو اشکان توی این شبکه غیرمتمرکز میتونن با هم در ارتباط باشن.
پس توی شبکه های اجتماعی غیرمتمرکز اگر از اشکان بپرسن اکانتت چیه نباید بگه ashkan ! بلکه باید همراه با آدرس سرور بگه:
@ashkan@habenula.com (http://@ashkan@habenula.com
اپلیکیشن شبکه های اجتماعی غیرمتمرکز چه جوری دانلود میشه؟
اینجا داستان مانند متمرکزها نیست. مثلا برید سرچ کنید mastodon می بینین همچین برنامه ای با این نام وجود نداره. توی دنیای غیرمتمرکز به همون اندازه که میتونه سرور وجود داشته باشه به همون اندازه هم میتونه برنامه وجود داشته باشه و بر حسب سلیقه و دلخواه میتونین انتخاب کنین که از کدام اپلیکیشن یا کلاینت استفاده کنین. مثلا برای ماستودون روی اندروید میتونین عبارت tusky رو سرچ کنین.
مزیت غیرمتمرکز بودن شبکه های اجتماعی چیست؟
مهمترینش سانسوره. مثلا دولت اگر سرور instagram.com رو فیلتر کنه شما مجبوری با فیلترشکن بری. ولی توی دنیای غیرمتمرکز باید هزارن سرور رو فیلتر کنه. که باز شما میتونین یه سرور با آدرس جدید بسازین. علاوه بر این ها بحث پرایوسی و حقوق کاربر هم مطرحه که قبلا راجع بهش صحبت کردیم.
پس ماستودون چیه؟
ماستودون یک شبکه اجتماعی غیرمتمرکزه که مانند توییتر میتونین نوشته، عکس و ویدئو به اشتراک بذارین. محیط ماستودون برای نوشتههای کوتاه (میکروبلاگینگ) بهینه شده است و سقف پیشفرض نوشتهها در آن ۵۰۰ حرف است.
توی کودوم سرور ثبت نام کنم؟
Mastodon.social(فیلتره)
Mstdn.social
Mastodon.cloud
سرور خیلی وجود داره و من به ۳تاش اشاره کردم.
از چه اپلیکیشنی استفاده کنم؟
برای اندروید:
https://f-droid.org/app/com.keylesspalace.tusky
برای iOS:
بهتره از وب اپ استفاده کنین.
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